Persia

The Persian “Greats” (Pharnacid Dynasty)

  • c. 413 BE: Satrap Pharnabazus II of Hellespontine Phrygia – A brilliant Persian statesman who skillfully manipulated the war between Athens and Sparta. He later funded the rebuilding of Athens’ “Long Walls” to weaken Spartan dominance.
  • c. 430 BE Satrap Pharnaces II of Phrygia – The father of Pharnabazus II and a key administrator in the Achaemenid Empire during the Peloponnesian War era.
  • c. 477 BE Satrap Artabazus I of Phrygia – The founder of the Pharnacid dynasty satrapy, appointed by Xerxes I after the Persian invasion of Greece.
  • c. 324 BE Satrap Spitamenes of Bactria – A Persian/Bactrian leader who fought Alexander the Great. He is the father of Apama I, making him the “Persian link” in the Seleucid bloodline.
  • c. 339 BE Satrap Artabazos II of Phrygia – A Persian satrap and general who served under multiple Persian kings before defecting to Alexander the Great; he is the father of Pharnabazus II
  • c. 600 BE, Queen, Tashmetum‑sharrat, of Babylon, royal consort
  • c. 700 BE, Queen, Ešarra‑Ḫammat, of Assyria, royal consort

Achaemenid Persia

  • 519 BE, Queen, Amestris Hadassah Esther bint Otanes, of Persia, Achaemenid royal consort
  • 470 BE, Queen, Damaspia, of Persia, wife of Artaxerxes I
  • Queen, Parysatis, of Persia, Achaemenid royal woman
  • Queen, Stateira, of Persia, Achaemenid royal consort

Late 7th → Early 6th Century Before Christ

  • 580 BE, King, Cyrus I, of Persia, early Achaemenid ruler
  • 575 BE, Nobleman, Meshar Meshayyanath ben Salathiel, of Judah, exilic noble
  • 570 BE, Satrap, Hystaspes, of Bactria and Persis, father of Darius the Great
  • 574 BE, Nobleman, Otanes ben Pharnaspes, of Persia, early Achaemenid noble
  • 550 BE, Princess, Roxana Raoxhna, of Persia, early Achaemenid royal woman
  • 550 BE, King, Astyages, of Media, last king of the Median Empire

Media, Persia, Lydia

  • 620 BE, King, Cambyses I, of Persia, father of Cyrus the Great
  • 615 BE, Princess, Mandane of Media, of Media, mother of Cyrus the Great
  • 610 BE, Prince, Shealtiel ben Neri, of Judah, exilic royal
  • 610 BE, King, Arsames I, of Persia, early Achaemenid ancestor
  • 605 BE, Nobleman, Pharnaspes Thukhra, of Persia, Achaemenid noble
  • 600 BE, Nobleman, Hachalya of Judah, of Judah, early post‑exilic figure

Media — Early Kings

  • 675 BE, King, Cyaxares, of Media, major Median expansionist
  • 675 BE, King, Deioces, of Media, founder of the Median state

Mesopotamia

Neo‑Babylonian Empire

  • 556 BE, King, Nebuchadnezzar IV, of Babylon, late Neo‑Babylonian ruler
  • 520 BE, Princess, Andia, of Babylon, noblewoman of the late dynasty
  • 620 BE, King, Nabonidus I, of Babylon, last king of the Neo‑Babylonian Empire
  • Queen, Neitaqert (Nitocris), of Babylon, royal consort
  • Princess, Adda‑Guppi’, of Assyria/Babylon, mother of Nabonidus

Neo‑Babylonian / Median

  • 642 BE, King, Nebuchadnezzar II, of Babylon, builder of Babylon’s grandeur
  • 630 BE, Queen, Amytis dokhtar az Cyaxares, of Media/Babylon, wife of Nebuchadnezzar II

Neo‑Assyrian Empire

  • 713 BE, Queen, Ešarra‑Hammat, of Assyria, royal consort (already kept above)
  • 713 BE, King, Esarhaddon, of Assyria, Neo‑Assyrian emperor
  • 700 BE, Governor, Nebuchadnezzar I “Kudurru”, of Uruk, provincial ruler
  • 700 BE, King, Phraortes II, of Media, early Median ruler
  • 692 BE, King, Šamaš‑šum‑ukin, of Assyria/Babylon, brother of Ashurbanipal
  • 660 BE, Nobleman, Šuadamqa, of Assyria, regional noble
  • 658 BE, King, Nabopolassar, of Babylon, founder of the Neo‑Babylonian Empire

Uruk High Priests

  • 720 BE, High Priest, Nabonassar, of Uruk, priestly dynast
  • High Priestess, Mrs Nebuchadnezzar I “Kudurru”, of Uruk, royal spouse

Assyrian Royal Women

  • Queen, Tashmetum‑sharrat, of Babylon, wife of Sennacherib (already kept once)
  • Queen, Mrs Šamaš‑šum‑ukin, of Assyria, royal consort

Neo‑Assyrian Empire

  • 745 BE, King, Sennacherib, of Assyria, major Neo‑Assyrian emperor
  • 740 BE, King, Nabu‑Shum‑Ishkun II, of Babylon, late Babylonian ruler
  • 766 BE, Nobleman, Dascylus, of Mysia, early Anatolian dynast

Chronologically, this list ventures here to Persia

Lydia — Mermnad Dynasty

  • 696 BE, King, Ardys II, of Lydia, early Mermnad ruler
  • 685 BE, Princess, Lyde, of Lydia, royal woman
  • 681 BE, King, Sadyattes II, of Lydia, Mermnad dynasty
  • 665 BE, Nobleman, Arnossus, of Mysia, Anatolian noble
  • 650 BE, King, Alyattes (Aliates), of Lydia, father of Croesus
  • 635 BE, Princess, Aryenis, of Lydia, married into Median royal line

Assyria & Babylon

  • 694 BE, Nobleman, Sir Dants Greg Madn Sjeruidsoues, of Assyria, regional noble
  • 701 BE, Nobleman, Tudo of Mysia, of Mysia, Anatolian noble

  • 812 BE, King, Marduk‑Balatsu‑Iqbi, of Babylon, early Babylonian sovereign
  • Queen, Mrs Marduk‑Balatsu‑Iqbi, of Babylon, royal consort
  • 751 BE, King, Marduk‑Apla‑Iddina (Merodach‑Baladan), of Babylon, Chaldean ruler
  • Queen, Mrs Agar Nabu, of Babylon, royal consort
  • Agar Nabu, of Babylon, noblewoman

Early 1st Millennium Before Christ (Elam, Babylon, Assyria)

  • Shuma‑Damqa, of Assyria, early Assyrian noble
  • Nabû‑Shuma‑Ukin I, of Babylon, early Babylonian sovereign
  • Queen, Mrs Nabû‑Shuma‑Ukin, of Babylon, royal consort

Elamite–Babylonian Line (Very Early Kings)

  • Shamash‑Mudammiq, of Babylon/Elam, early Elamite‑Babylonian ruler
  • Queen, Mrs Shamash‑Mudammiq, of Babylon, royal consort

Early Babylonian Kings (Proto‑Dynastic)

  • Nabû‑Mukin‑Apli, of Babylon, early Babylonian sovereign
  • Queen, Mrs Nabû‑Mukin‑Apli, of Babylon, royal consort

Elamite–Babylonian Founders (Deep Antiquity)

  • Mar‑Biti‑Apla‑Usur, of Babylon, early Babylonian dynastic founder
  • Queen, Mrs Mar‑Biti‑Apla‑Usur, of Babylon, royal consort

Early Recorded Babylonian Line (Proto‑Historic)

  • Kassu‑Nadin‑Aheshu, of Babylon, early Babylonian sovereign
  • Queen, Mrs Kassu‑Nadin‑Aheshu, of Babylon, royal consort


🟩 HITTITE EMPIRE
Hittite New Kingdom (Empire Period)

  • 1265 BE, Queen, Danuhepa II, of the Hittites
  • 1275 BE, King, Urhi‑Teshup (Mursili III), of the Hittites
  • 1295 BE, King, Muršili II, of the Hittites
  • 1335 BE, King, Šuppiluliuma I, of the Hittites
  • —, Queen, Muballiṭat‑Šērūa, spouse of Šuppiluliuma I
  • 1390 BE, King, Tudhaliya I, of the Hittites
  • 1420 BE, King, Muwatalli I, of the Hittites

Hittite Middle Kingdom

  • 1455 BE, Queen, Ašmu‑nikal, of the Hittites
  • 1440 BE, King, Tudkhaliash III, of the Hittites
  • 1435 BE, Nikkai Mati, of the Hittites
  • 1490 BE, Tudkhaliash, of the Hittites
  • 1490 BE, Nikkal‑Mati, of the Hurrians
  • 1470 BE, King, Arnuwandash, of the Hittites/Hurrians

Hittite Old Kingdom

  • 1551 BE, Harapšeki, of the Hittites
  • 1550 BE, King, Alluwamna, 10th King of the Hittites
  • 1580 BE, King, Telibinu, of the Hittites
  • 1610 BE, King, Murshillish I, of the Hittites
  • 1640 BE, King, (name not specified), of the Hittites
  • 1670 BE, King, Hattusilish, of the Hittites
  • 1721 BE, King, Hakajamana, of the Hittites

Hittite Queens

  • Queen, Ištapariya bat Ammuna, Queen of the Hittites

🟧 KASSITE BABYLON

  • 1187 BE, King, Adad‑shuma‑usur, of Babylon
  • 1122 BE, King, Ninurta‑nadin‑shumi, 3rd Isin King of Babylon
  • 1106 BE, King, Nebuchadnezzar I, 4th Isin King of Babylon
  • 1096 BE, King, Enlil‑Nadin‑Aplis, 5th Isin King of Babylon
  • Queen, Mrs. Enlil‑Nadin‑Aplis, spouse of Enlil‑Nadin‑Aplis
  • 1049 BE, King, Adad‑apla‑iddina, 8th Isin King of Babylon
  • 1280–1244 BE, King, Šagarakti‑Šuriaš, of Babylon
  • 1263–1240 BE, King, Kadashman‑Enlil II, of Kassite Babylon
  • 1260–1237 BE, King, Kaštiliašu IV, of Babylon
  • 1246 BE, King, Kudur‑Enlil, of Kassite Babylon
  • Queen, DESCONOCIDA, spouse of Kudur‑Enlil
  • 1350 BE, King, Nazi‑Maruttaš, of Kassite Babylon
  • 1360 BE, King, Kuri‑Galzu II, of Kassite Babylon
  • 1375 BE, King, Burna‑Buriaš II, of Kassite Babylon
  • 1359 BE, King, Kadashman‑Enlil I, of Babylon
  • Queen, Muballiṭat‑Šērūa, spouse of Kadashman‑Enlil I
  • 1440 BE, King, Kurigalzu I, of Babylon
  • King, Kadashman‑Kharbe I, of Babylon
  • King, Karaindash I, of Babylon

🟦 MITTANI KINGDOM

  • 1459 BE, King, Shuttarna II, of Mittani
  • 1440 BE, King, Artatama I, of Mittani
  • Menwi of Egypt (Mittani‑linked marriage alliance)
  • 1500 BE, King, Shaushtatar, of Mittani
  • Queen, Mrs. King of Mitanni Shaushtatar ben Parshatatar, spouse of Shaushtatar
  • King, Artatama of Mittani

🟥 ASSYRIA — MIDDLE & OLD ASSYRIAN KINGS

Middle Assyrian Period

  • 1400 BE, King, Aššur‑Uballiṭ I, of Assyria
  • 1430 BE, King, Eriba‑Adad I, of Assyria
  • 1460 BE, King, Aššūr‑Bēl‑Nīšēšu, of Assyria
  • 1475 BE, King, Ashur‑Nirari II, of Assyria
  • 1490 BE, King, Enlil‑Nasir II, of Assyria
  • 1505BE, King, Ashur‑Rabi I, of Assyria
  • 1540 BE, King, Enlil‑Nasir I, of Assyria
  • 1521 BE, King, Puzur‑Ashur III, of Assyria
  • 1580 BE, King, Ashur‑Nirari I, of Assyria
  • 1605–1562 BC, King, Ishme‑Dagan II, of Assyria
  • 1630–1578 BC, King, Shamshi‑Adad II, of Assyria
  • 1645–1584 BC, King, Erishum III, of Assyria
  • 1660 BE, King, Sharma‑Adad II, of Assyria
  • 1680 BE, King, Shu‑Ninua, of Assyria
  • 1700 BE, King, Bazaya, of Assyria
  • 1730 BE, King, Bel‑bani, of Assyria
  • 1760 BE, King, Adasi, of Assyria

Old Assyrian Period

  • 1774 BE, King (Usurper), Ashur‑Dugul, of Assyria
  • 1796 BE, King, Ishme‑Dagan I, of Assyria
  • 1850 BE, King, Shamshi‑Adad I, of Assyria
  • 1880 BE, King, Ila‑Kabkabu, of Terqa and Ekallatum

Proto‑Assyrian / Early Founders

  • King, Yazkur‑el, 24th King of Assyria
  • King, Yakmeni, 23rd King of Assyria
  • King, Yakmesi, 22nd King of Assyria
  • King, Ilu‑Mer, 21st King of Assyria
  • King, Hayani, 20th King of Assyria
  • King, Samani, 19th King of Assyria
  • King, Hale, 18th King of Assyria
  • 2205 BE, King, Apiashal, 17th King of Assyria
  • King, Ushpia, 16th King of Assyria

Assyrian Queens

  • Queen, MRS Ashur‑nasir‑apli I, of Assyria
  • Queen, DESCONOCIDA d’Assyrie

🟫 AKKADIAN, HYKSOS & EARLY NEAR EASTERN RULERS
Hyksos Dynasty (Non‑Egyptian rulers)

  • 1700 BE, King, Yakubher Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1661 BE, Dama Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1660 BE, King, Seuserenre Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1575 BE, King, Segundo Apepi, of the Hyksos
  • 1558 BE, First Ankhenesmerire Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1557 BE, First Apepi Ausera Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1556 BE, Tani of Egypt (Hyksos‑era figure)

Kushite / Near Eastern Figures

  • 1740 BC, Tati ben Nedjeh, the Kushite

Akkadian Period

  • 2286 BC, Princess Enheduanna, of Akkad

Yamkhad / Early Syrian States

  • Ne Roi de Yamkhad, of Yamkhad
  • Yamkhadi de Yamkhad, of Yamkhad



read Egyptian section


🟧 HYKSOS (Not Egyptians, but appear in your document)

  • 1700 BE, King, Yakubher Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1661 BE, Dama Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1660 BE, King, Seuserenre Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1558 BE, First Ankhenesmerire Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1557 BE, First Apepi Ausera Khyan, of the Hyksos
  • 1575 BE, King, Segundo Apepi, of the Hyksos

Mesopotamian Emperors

🌞Emperor Sargon the Great
the first Emperor in recorded history. Founder of the Akkadian Empire, the first Empire in recorded history.

🌞 Emperor Rimush
Second King of Akkad. Son of Sargon; suppressed major revolts.

🌞 Emperor Dudu
Late Akkadian ruler. Maintained the empire during decline.

🌞 Emperor Shu‑Durul
Last King of Akkad. Ruled during the empire’s final collapse.

🌞 Emperor Manishtushu
Third Emperor of Akkad. Expanded the empire.

🌞 Emperor Naram Sin
Fourth Emperor of Akkad. First to call himself “King of the Four Quarters.”

🌞 Emperor Shar Kali Sharri
Fifth Emperor of Akkad. Ruled at the empire’s height.

🌞 Emperor Gilgamesh
Fifth King of Uruk. Hero of the world’s oldest epic.

🌞 Emperor Lugalbanda
Third King of Uruk. Hero‑king of early Sumerian tales.

🌞 Emperor Enmerkar
Second King of Uruk. Founder of the city. Possibly the biblical Nimrod.

🌞 Emperor Meshkiangasher

🌞 Emperor Enshakushanna
King of Uruk. One of the earliest historically attested Sumerian rulers.

🌞 Emperor Lugal‑zage‑si
Last King of Sumer before Sargon. Conqueror of the southern cities.